Elemental sulfur effects on Pb and Zn uptake by Indian mustard and winter wheat

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of elemental sulfur to contaminated soil on plant uptake by a heavy metal hyperaccumulator, Indian mustard( Brassica juncea ) and a field crop, winter wheat( Triticum. aestivum). Elemental sulfur(S) with different rates was carried out, they were 0(S0 ), 20(S20 ), 40(S40 ), 80(S80 ), and 160(S160 ) mmol/kg respectively. Extra pots with the same rates of S but without plants were used for soil sampling to monitor pH and CaCl2-extractable heavy metal changes. The results showed that S enhanced phytoextraction of Pb and Zn from contaminated soil. Application S effectively decreased soil pH down to 1.1 as the most at the rate of Sl60. The concentrations of CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn in soil and uptake of Pb and Zn by the plants were increased with soil pH decreased. A good correlation between CaCl2-extractable Pb/Zn and soil pH was found( Rpb^2 = 0.847 and RZn^2 = 0,991, n = 25). With S application, soil CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn concentrations, concentration of Pb and Zn in plants and the amount of removal by plant uptake were significanfly higher than those without S. Under the treatment of S160, the highest CaCl2-extmctable Pb and Zn were observed, they were 4.23 mg/kg and 0.40 mg/kg, 2.7 and 2.0 times as that of the control(So ) respectively. At the highest rates of S( Sl~0 ), both Indian mustard and winter wheat reached the highest uptake of Pb and Zn. The highest Pb concentrations in wheat and Indian mustard were 32.8 mg/kg and 537.0 mg/kg, all 1.8 times as that of the control, and the highest Zn concentrations in wheat and Indian mustard were 215.5 mg/kg and 404.0 mg/kg, 2.4 and 2.0 times as that of the control respectively. The highest removals of Pb and Zn from the contaminated soil were 0.41 rag/pot and 0.31 nag/pot by Indian mustard in the treatment of S160 through 50 days growth.     

冷原子吸收光度法测定工业用浓盐酸中痕量汞

通过进样管道的设计,可能存在的干扰,以及工作参数的详细研究,建立了用冷原子吸收光度法直接测定工业用浓盐酸中痕量汞的分析方法。实际样品测定结果表明,该方法可靠,准确可行。     

城市生活垃圾堆肥对水稻生长和土壤的影响

利用城市生活垃圾堆肥作为肥料,采用水培法和土培法对水稻生长和土壤的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明,施用城市生活垃圾堆肥明显提高了水稻的生长量,增加了水稻植株茎叶中硅的含量;降低了糙米中有毒元素镉的含量;改变了土壤的酸度,增强了土壤的肥力;水稻植株和土壤中某些有害元素的含量略有增加,但远低于环境的允许值。     

呋喃丹在模拟水稻-鱼和水稻-萍-鱼生态系统中行为归趋的比较研究

用~(14)C标记法研究呋喃丹在水稻-鱼和水稻-萍-鱼两种模拟生态系统中的分布、消失和残留行为。结果表明,由于萍的引入,使在水稻-萍-鱼系统中,田表水中的残留较低,而鱼体中残留较高。结合态残留物是土壤、鱼和植株体中呋喃丹的主要残留形态。     

海南岛水稻气候生产潜力和人口承载量的估算

本文从海南岛自然优势出发,采用联合国粮农组织《产量与水的关系》中介绍的气候生产潜力的农业生态方法: 计算了海南水稻的气候生产潜力,从海南岛水稻生产和人口的现状出发,采用灰色系统中的GM(1,1)预测模型:计算和探讨了当前和未来水稻生产的人口承载量问题。试图揭示水稻生产的现状、问题和发展前景,为全岛水稻的产、销、购提供科学依据。     

环境中汞的污染状况及监测

本文主要介绍环境中汞污染的来源；汞及其化合物的毒性，并且着重说明甲基汞对人类健康的损害状况；同时也介绍对环境中的无机汞和有机汞的监测分析方法，其中几种比较常用的甲基汞的分析方法。     

乌江流域水库水体中溶解性气态汞季节变化特征

选取乌江流域上两个典型的水库(乌江渡水库和东风水库)作为研究对象,对不同季节水库水体中溶解性气态汞进行研究。结果显示:两个水库溶解性气态汞均明显表现为上层水体﹥下层水体,夏季﹥春季、冬季。水库中溶解性气态汞的含量受太阳辐射和水体中溶解性有机碳两个因素共同控制。     

提高环境水中纳克级超痕量汞测定灵敏度的研究

对ｎｇ／Ｌ级超痕量汞测定中的消解、测定各步骤对灵敏度的影响进行了研究。得出结论：采用高纯氩气作载、屏气，选择高负压值和高扩展倍率能明显提高灵敏度；选择合适的消解时间和缩短测定时间能使灵敏度略有提高；试剂和玻璃器皿所带给空白的痕量汞对提高灵敏度不利，应作除汞处理。     

稻米和土壤中农美利残留量气相色谱分析方法的研究

建立了测定稻田土壤、稻米中农美利残留量的气相色谱分析方法。用配有NPD的气相色谱仪、DB-1301毛细管柱测定稻田土壤及稻米中农美利的残留量，最低检测浓度为0．01mg／kg、平均回收率为80．4％-99．8％，变异系数为6．3％-11．7％，均达到残留分析的要求。     

影响稻飞虱迁飞规律的气象环境成因

稻飞虱的迁飞与气象环境因素的关系十分密切。对与稻飞虱的迁飞规律相关的国内外研究成果进行了归纳总结，综合评述了气候条件对中国稻飞虱迁飞规律的影响。稻飞虱绝大部分集中在黄昏时分起飞，90．5％的稻飞虱集中在黄昏日落前20分钟内起飞，地面温度达25℃时起飞频繁。温度的空间分布决定了稻飞虱可以迁飞的空问区域，迁飞的上限高度为15℃等温线，稻飞虱空中群集的最适宜温度为17℃左右，且在最大风速层中迁飞，高湿度有利于其迁飞。迁入时期的强下沉气流及降雨可迫使稻飞虱大量降落。空中的风速是稻飞虱迁飞的动力速度。在我国，西南风和东北风对稻飞虱的南北迁飞起运载作用，副热带高压在我国境内的北进南退，是稻飞虱完成一次往返迁飞的动力。我国稻飞虱发生较重的年份大多出现在3—5月副高较强的年份。气候变暖、海温异常等大尺度气象因子主要通过影响大范围的气候环境来间接影响稻飞虱的发生与消长。